;+u7gdf g]t[Tj z}nLsf] ljsf;

 – Zofdk|;fb e';fn

    t[Tj z}nLsf] ljifodf w]/} rrf{, ax;x¿ ul/Psf 5g\ . Joj:yfkgsf If]qdf eGg] xf] eg] t y'k|} s[lt klg o;} ljifodf l;h{gf ul/Psf 5g\ . jf:tjdf g]t[Tjz}nLsf] ljifo Joj:yfkgsf If]qdf dfq ;Lldt ug{ ;lsg] ljifo eg] xf]Og, o;n] ;dfh ljsf;qmdsf w]/} k'/fgf d"No dfGotf / cEof;x¿nfO{ klg ;d]6\b5 . To;}u/L of] ljifon] /fHo ;~rfngsf] k|f/lDes cEof;b]lv jt{dfgsf ljleGg k|of]ux¿;Dd cjnDag ul/Psf g]t[Tj;Lk / z}nLsf] ljifonfO{ klg 5'g ;Sb5 . of] ljifon] xfdLn] oltv]/ rrf{ ul/Psf g]t[Tjz}nLsf ljifodf k|ltkfbg ePsf l;4fGtsf] k|f/De gx'Fb} klg g]t[Tjsf] s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf sfo{ ul//x]sf] lyof] eg]/ xfdL Oltxf;nfO{ cWoog u/]/ cg'ej ug{ ;Sb5f}+ . tyflk xfdL of] n]vdf ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g Pj+ Joj:yfkgsf If]qdf k|of]u ePsf] g]t[Tjsf l;4fGt Pj+ z}nLx¿sf ljifodf dfq s]lGb|t eP/ rrf{ ug]{5f}+ . ‘g]t[Tj’ eGg] zAbsf] zflAbs cy{ vf]Hg] xf] eg] o;nfO{ Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ lxF8fpg], ;d"xnfO{ 8f]¥ofpg], ;d"xdf k|d'v JolQmsf] ¿kdf sfo{ ug{ jf ;d"xnfO{ nlIft sfd ;Dkfbg u/fpg k|oTgzLn u/fpg] ;Lksf] ¿kdf a'l´G5 . ;dfh ljsf;sf] qmddf dflg; ;dfhdf a:g l;s]kl5, s[lif o'ukl5 ;d"xdf cfkm\gf] hLjg ;~rfng ug{ l;s]kl5 jf ;fgf–;fgf ;d"xdf cfkm\gf] hLjg ;~rfng ug{ cfj4 eO{ lhpg cEof; ug{ hfg]kl5 JolQmx¿n] cfkm\g} ;d"xaf6 s;}nfO{ k|d'v agfP xf]nfg\ . ToxL k|d'v lj:tf/} zf;s aGb} uP/ clxn]sf] ;/sf/;Dd ePsf] xf]nf eg]/ Pp6f nv sf6\g eGg] ;lsG5 t/ of] s'/fnfO{ oyfy{sf] ¿kdf eGbf cg'dfgsf] ¿kdf dfq k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 .

hf] JolQmn] c¿nfO{ cfkm"k|lt k|efljt ug{ ;S5 ToxL g]tf xf] eg]/ lrlgG5 klg . ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs If]qdf klg g]tfx¿sf] e"ldsf p:t} ePklg cg'ofoLaf6 ul/g] ck]Iff km/s x'g] ub{5 . sltko cj:yfdf t g]tf / cg'ofoLsf] ck]Iff k[ys–k[ys klg x'g ;Sb5 . h] xf];\ g]tf eg]s} To:tf] JolQm xf], h;n] c¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] k|efj dfkm{t\ cfslif{t ug{ ;Sb5 / hf];Fu Joj:yfksLo clwsf/ x'G5 . -Someone who can influence others & who has managerial authority) To;}u/L g]t[Tj z}nLnfO{ Pp6f k|lqmofsf] ¿kdf a'‰g ;lsG5 . h'g k|lqmof cjnDag ubf{ g]tf jf ;+u7gn] lnPsf] nIo k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . -Leadership is the process of inifluencing a group toward the achievement of goals._ o;sf/0f g]t[Tj ;Lk eg]sf] ;d"xsf c¿ JolQmx¿nfO{ cfkm"k|lt k|efljt kfg]{, cfkm\gf egfO sfof{Gjog u/fpg], cfkm\gf] b[li6sf]0f nfu" u/fpg];Ddsf v'aLsf] ¿kdf a'‰g'kg]{ x'G5 .

oxfFg]/ cfP/ g]tf / Joj:yfks -Leader & Manager_ eGg] Ps} lsl;dsf cy{ lbg] zAbx¿ x'g\ ls eGg] JofVof x'g ;S5 . x'g t sltko ;Gbe{x¿df g]tf / Joj:yfkssf sfdnfO{ Pp6} ¿kdf JoQm u/]sf] kfOG5 / t/ g]tf / Joj:yfksnfO{ ulxl/P/ x]bf{ s]xL leGg x'g\ eg]/ b]vfpg ;lsG5 .

Joj:yfks

!= ;fdfGotof Joj:yfksx¿ s'g} lglZrt kbdf lgo'Qm ul/G5g\ . kbdf lgo'lQm kfPkl5 Joj:yfks x'G5g\ .

@= cfkm\gf cg'ofoLx¿nfO{ cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] cf}krfl/s clwsf/af6 k|efljt kfb{5g\ .

#=;}4flGts¿kdf ;a} Joj:yfksx¿ g]tf x'g'kb{5 lsgls p;n] ;d"xnfO{ g]t[Tj lbg'kb{5 .

$= hf] ;Fu Joj:yfksLo clwsf/ 5, Tof] ;fdfGotof Joj:yfks x'g ;Sb5 .

g]tf

!= g]tfx¿ lgo'Qm x'g klg ;S5g\ geOsg klg g]t[Tj z}nL k|:t't ug{ ;S5g\ . Joj:yfkssf] If]q ;Lldt x'G5 . g]tfsf] If]q eg] Jofks x'g;S5 .

@= cf}krfl/s clwsf/ gePklg c¿nfO{ k|efljt kfg{ ;S5g\ . clwsf/ gx'Fbf klg ;d"xnfO{ 8f]¥ofpg ;Sb5g\ .

#= g]tfn] Joj:yfks gx'Fbf klg s]xL km/s kb}{g .

$= g]tfn] s'g} clwsf/ k|fKt gubf{ klg g]tf x'g ;Sb5 . cf}krfl/s clwsf/ x'Fb}df g]tf x'g ;Sb}g .

 Joj:yfksLo ;Gbe{df g]t[Tj z}nL ;+u7gfTds Jojxf/ s} Pp6f ¿k xf] eg]/ Joj:yfkgljb\ Stephen P . Robbins  / Mary Coulter n] eg]sf 5g\ . ;+u7g cfkm}df ;d"x Jojxf/sf] ;du| ¿k xf] / g]t[Tjz}nL jf ;Lk klg ToxL ;d"x ultzLntfsf] Pp6f cleGg efu xf] eg]/ Pp6f lgisif{df k'Ug ;lsG5 . oxfF g]/ cfP/ xfdL g]t[Tj;LknfO{ ;+u7gfTds ;Gbe{df a9L s]lGb|t eP/ x]5f}{ / cGo /fhgLlts Pj+ ;fdflhs g]t[TjnfO{ s]jn k|;+ux¿df dfq ;dfj]z ug]{5f}{+ . To;}n] ;+u7gsf] ;Gbe{df g]t[Tj;Lkn] lgDg ljifonfO{ ;d]6\g ;S5 eg]/ xfdL cg'dfg nufpg ;Sb5f}+M

g]t[Tj;Lk Pp6f k|lqmof xf], h;n] ;d"xnfO{ lglZrt p2]Zo k|flKt ug{df k|]l/t ub{5 . g]t[Tj;Lk ;+u7gfTds Jojxf/sf] Pp6f efu xf], hxfF ;+u7gleq JolQm / ;d"xsf] cWoog ul/G5 . g]t[Tj To:tf] Ifdtf xf] hf] ;Fu Joj:yfksLo clwsf/ lglxt /x]sf] x'G5 . g]t[Tj lg0f{o lgdf{0fsf] laGb' xf] / lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] klg cleGg
c+u xf] .

g]t[Tj;Lkdf # j6f ljifon] lgs} dxTj /fVb5g\ . g]t[Tjsf nflu cfjZos cj:yf, g]t[Tj lbgsf nflu cfjZos cg'ofoLx¿, cg'ofoLnfO{ xfFSg ;Sg], kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg], lbzf lgb]{zg ug{ ;Sg] :jo+ g]tf . oL tLg cj:yfaf6 dfq g]t[Tj;Lksf] cfjZostf x'g ;Sb5 . s'g} ;d"xljlxg cj:yfdf s'g} ljz]if kl/j]z geOsg g]t[Tj;Lksf] cfjZostf x'Fb}g / tL cj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;'qa4 ug{ g]t[Tj;Lksf] cfjZostf x'G5 . oL cj:yfnfO{ o;/L klg a'‰g ;lsG5 .

oL tLg cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf g]t[Tj;Lksf] cfjZostf x'G5 . g]tf, cg'ofoL / g]t[Tjsf] ljBdfg cj:yfn] g]t[Tj;Lksf] dfu ub{5 . g]tf cfkm}df g]tf x'Fb}g / g]tf x'Fb}df g]t[Tj;Lk x'G5 eGg klg ;lsF+b}g . ;d"x / cfjZostfn] g]tfsf] dfu ub{5 / g]tfn] pko'Qm g]t[Tjz}nL k|:t't ug{ ;s]df dfq g]tfs} ¿kdf /xg ;S5 . To;sf/0f g]tf, ljBdfg cj:yf / cg'ofoLx¿sf aLr lqsf]0ffTds ;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 eg]/ xfdL cg'dfg nufpg ;Sb5f}+ . s'g} Pp6fsf] pkl:ylt geO{ g]t[Tj;Lk cfjZos x'Fb}g eGg klg ;lsG5 . ;+u7gdf g]t[Tj;Lksf] lsg cfjZostf 5 eg]/ k|Zg ug]{ xf] eg] s]xL ljifox¿ cufl8 cfpF5g\ . ;+u7gsf] lglZrt nIo x'G5 / ;f] k|flKt ug{sf nflu ljleGg lsl;dsf] >f]t, ;fwgx¿ pknAw u/fOPsf] x'G5 . tL >f]t, ;fwgsf] cToflws bf]xgaf6 dfq nlIft pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] >f]t ;fwgnfO{ a9LeGbf a9L pkof]u ug{ ;+u7gdf g]t[Tjsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . ;+u7gdf g]t[Tjsf] cf}lrTonfO{ lgDg s'/faf6 k'li6 ug{ ;lsG5 M ;+u7gdf g]tf pBdzLn JolQm klg xf] -As a entreprenuer_ . ;+u7gsf] p2]Zo k|flKtdf cfpg] cj/f]w lsgf/f nufpg] bfloTj klg g]t[Tjsf] xf] -As a disturbance handler_ cfjZos >f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ Ifdtf klg xf] . g]t[Tj -As a resource allocater_ ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g / Joj:yfkgdf dflysf sf/0fx¿n] ubf{ g]t[Tjsf] cf}lrTo :yflkt x'G5 . ljz]if u/L Joj:yfksx¿sf] -oxfFg]/ g]tfnfO{ Joj:yfks elgPsf]_ ;+u7gdf e"ldsf s] x'G5 t < egL x]bf{ p;n] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ e"ldsfnfO{ o;/L x]g{ ;lsG5M

–p2]Zo k|flKtdf hf]8 -Goal Emphasizing_

–;xof]u÷;dy{g -Support_

–sfo{ ;/nLs/0f÷sfo{ k|f]T;fxg -Work Facilitation_

;+u7gdf sfd ug]{ dflg;x¿sf] ;d"xnfO{ kl/rfng u/L ;+u7gsf] nIo Pj+ p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu lglZrttf u/fpg g]t[Tj cfjZos x'G5 / a9L eGbf a9L pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{ g]t[Tj;Lksf] klg plQs} vfFrf] x'G5 . To;}n] Peter Drucker n] s'zn g]t[Tjn] /fd|f] dflg;af6 a9L pTkfbg lng] dfq xf]Og ;fwf/0f dflg;af6 klg Ifdtf eGbf a9Lsf] pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 eGg] wf/0ff /fv]sf] kfOG5 .========qmdzM

;'/Iff ePg eg]/ ef8'jf geGg'xf]nf x} !

 – ;'bz{g l3ld/]

ljz]if dfg] w]/} km/s vfnsf] . cGt st} gefsf] . c¿;Fu t'ngf ug{ gldNg] . u/]klg d]n gvfg] . xfd|f] b]zsf] ;/sf/ h:t} . kTofP kTofpg';\ x}g eg] d]/f] s] nfU5 . ljz]ifsf] cy{ vf]Hg zAbsf]if kN6fpg yfNg'xf]nf . g]kfnL efiffsf] zAbsf]if . km/s oxL+g]/ kl/;Sof] . g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] zAbsf]if x]g'{;\ t . gk9]sf]n] klg k9\g ;Sg] . ga'´s]sf]n] klg a'‰g ;Sg] . ljz]if ;/sf/sf] ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf . ;/sf/} ljz]if ePsf]n] of]hgf lsg rfgr'g] < vt/f eP kf] ;'/Iff < s;nfO{ vt/f < hgtfsf] ;'/Iff 7"nf] ls s'lr{sf] ;'/Iff < hu lagfsf] 3/, s'g} klg a]nf unf{d\–u'n'{d\ To;sf] s] e/ ! clg s] sf] s/ < h;/L klg hf]ufpg} k/]g cfkm\g} 3/ < dtna s"lr{¿kL 3/ . sf]xL d¥of] ls xNnfvf]/ . dfG5] dg}{ gkfOg] < dfG5] g} gd/] hg;+Vof s;/L lgoGq0f x'g] < hg;+Vof a9\of a9\o} 5 . hg;+Vofsf] sdL eP kf] dbf{ kbf{ b'Mv dfGg'kg]{ . clg s] sf] xNnf < ;'/Iff ePg, ;'/Iff ePg eg]/ lj/f]w lsg < ;/sf/d} k'Ug slt ufx|f], s'lr{sf] cf;g c´} ;fx|f] . r'gfjdf ;kmfr6, s'lr{dfly e6fe6\ . r'gfjdf lbg] nfQL, clxn] lsg gkfpg] ;f:tL < u[xdGqLHo' l7s} eGb} x'g'x'G5 . pxfFnfO{ cfhsfn lgs} 6]Gzg 5 . s;}sf] xTof eof] ls 3]/fp / cfGbf]ng . Tolt dfq} sxfF xf] /, /fhLgfdfsf] ;d]t dfu . sfnn] s;nfO{ slta]nf n}hfG5 dGqL Ho"nfO{ s] yfxf < o:tf] s'/fdf u[xdGqL Ho"sf] s] bf]if < n}hfg] sfnn] bf]if hLt dGqL Ho"nfO{ < a¿ To} sfnsf] bf]if ePg / < sfnn] eg] af6f] la/fPs} xf] . ef/]e'/]nfO{ gnu]/ 7"n} dfG5]nfO{ n}hfg'kg]{ . ef/]e"/] hgtfnfO{ nu]sf] eP vf]lhgLlt g} x'g} lyPg . cfGbf]ng sf] t s] s'/f s;}n] r'OFSs;Dd klg yfxf kfpFb}gYof] . g t u[x k|zf;g 3]/fp, g t u[xdGqLHo"nfO{ 6]Gzg . u[xdGqLHo" cfhsfn s8\lsg yfNg'ePsf] 5 . s'/} ga'l´sg cfGbf]ng u/]kl5 s;nfO{ ´f]+s p7\b}g < To;}n] t dGqL Ho" eGb} x'g'x'G5 . efF8e}nf] dRofpg rfxg]x¿sf] lj/f]w xf] . laufg{ vf]Hg]x¿sf] lj/f]w xf] . /fd|f–/fd|f dfG5]x¿n] ;dy{g u/]s} 5g\ . s'/frflx+ ;tk|ltzt l7s} h:tf] 5 . o:t} lj/f]w w]/} eof] eg] ;'/Iffdf c´} c;/ kg{ ;S5 . a'‰g'x'G5 s;sf] ;'/Iffdf < dGqL Ho"s} ;'/Iffdfly . e|d0f ub}{ eQf s'DNofpg] ;'/Iffdf . ;Qf rnfpFb} eQf 8sfb}{ ug]{ ;'/Iffdf . s'lr{d} 6fFl;g] ;'/Iffdf . /fhZj hlt df]hd:tLdf, clgsfn / xfxfsf/ a:tL–a:tLdf . dgk/L vr{sf] ;'/Iff . u[x dGqfno cGtu{tsf] ef8f jfkt vr{ yfxf kfpg' eof] xf]nf lg ! ;fpgb]lv sflQ{s;Ddsf] hDdf @ s/f]8 . To;dWo] ! s/f]8 #) nfv /sdsf] ljj/0f g} gv'n]sf] . ;'/Iffsf] nflu rfg]r'g] vr{ ePsf] 5 t < olt w]/} vr{ x'Fbf klg ;'/Iff ePg eGg' d"v{tf ePg t < To;sf/0f ;'/Iffsf] lj/f]w ug'{ eg]sf] efF8e}nf] dRofpg xf]Og t < ;'/IffnfO{ vNaNofpg xf]Og t < ;a} eF8'jf . c¿ c¿ t eF8'jf eP eP . kf6L{ leq} klg eF8'jfx¿ . s'/} ga'´L /fhLgfdf dfUg] < s] vfFrf]n] /fhLgfdf lbg] < a¿ ;/sf/} 9Nnf, u[x dGqL Ho" 9Ng] s'/} ePg . pxfF Psbd bdbf/ JolQm x'g'x'G5 . g9fF6Lsg} r'gf}lt lbg'eof] . ;S5f} eg] s]Gb|Lo sld6Laf6} /fhLgfdf ug]{ k|:tfj kf; u/fp t/ s;sf] lxDdt < lsgsL pxfF k"0f{ ;'/lIft x'g'x'G5 . csf]{tkm{ km]l/ pBdL–Jofkf/Lx¿ pk|mFb}5g\ . oqf] ;'/Iff x'Fbfx'Fb} km]l/ ;'/Iffs} lj/f]w . klxnf] gDa/ cfkm\gf] kfnf], bf]>f] gDa/df csf{sf] . olt s'/f ga'‰g] s:tf pBdLx¿ < klxnf] gDa/df ;'/Iffsf] kfnf] ;/sf/s} k/]g t < tkfO{x¿ t bf]>f] gDa/df kg'{x'G5 . gDa/ cf]e/ 6]s ug{ vf]Hg' d"v{tf ePg t < Joj;foLnfO{ ;'/Iff rflxof] /], gq pBf]u aGb ul/lbg] /] ! o:tf] 3'ls{n] dGqLHo"nfO{ s] sf] 3f6f < h;sf] xf]nf aGb p;}nfO{ knf{ kmGbf . of] ;/sf/sf] cs}{ wGbf, /fhgLlt k"/} uGwf . æcfkm" t dxfb]j pQfgf] k/, s;n] b]nf a/ .Æ cfkm\g} s'lr{sf] ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]G6L 5}g . 5}g hgdtsf] hu, efsf] e} v'§f nunu . hf] cfkm} ;'/lIft 5}g, p;};Fu ;'/Iffsf] dfu < ;'/lIft dxz'; x'G5 rnfpg';\ x}g eg] r'krfk nfUg';\, 3/} a:g';\ . u[xaf6 kf/ nfUnf h:tf] b]lvPg . gj/fh l;njfnsf] gfd ;'Gg' ePsf] 5 < pxfF P;P;kL xf] /] ! pRr k|x/L clws[t ! c´} k|x/L d'Vofnodf sfo{/t . pxfFn] ;d]t ;'/Iffsf] dfu ug'{ eP5 . kTofpg sl7g} xf]nf t/ s'/f hfoh xf] . kTofpg' klg s;/L < h;n] hgtfnfO{ ;'/Iff lbg] xf], p;}nfO{ rflxg] ef] ;'/Iff . ljz]if of]hgfsf] ;'/Iff ePg t ufO{hfqf < hgtfnfO{ s] sf] ;'/Iff < g hLjgsf], g lzIffsf], g :jf:Yosf], g t ufF; af;sf] . cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff cfkm} u/, ;/sf/sf] e/} gk/ . ;/sf/n] klg s;sf]–s;sf] ;'/Iff ug]{ < e|d0f / eQfsf] s;n] ;'/Iff lbg] < Pp6f s'/f v';'Ss l/sn-Recall_ u/f}+ g t . lgdf{0flwg rd]lnof hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] ljlgof]hLt e|d0f vr{sf] ;'/Iff . ;fgf]ltgf] vr{af6 s] sf] ;'/Iff < ;'/Iff klg t u'0f:t/s} x'g'k¥of] . u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug{ vr{ klg t w]/} rflxof] . k|dåf/f lznfGof; sfo{qmd, x]lnsK6/ ef8f hDdf @* nfv . tfd´fd / ef]het]/sf nflu hDdf !) nfv . of] eof] s'lr{ ;'/Iff of]hgf . t'¿Gt} Psl5gsf] nflu kfNkf k'uf}+ g t . k|;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] 5 . s:tf] 5 hgtfsf] :jf:Yo ;'/Iff < Pp6} kl/jf/df # hgfn] ;fd"lxs cfTdxTof . la/fdL 5f]/L, /f]uaf6 c;'/Iff, k};fsf] cefj, pkrf/sf] ;d:of . afa'cfdf / 5f]/L Pp6} ¿vdf ´'l08P/ ;fd"lxs cfTdxTof . Pp6} e|d0fsf] nflu #* nfvsf] ;'/Iff, cf}iflw lsGg g;Sbf cfTdxTof ug'{kg]{ hgtfsf] afWotf . Psk6s km]l/ Pdcf/kL-MRP_ kf;kf]6{tkm{ kms{g ;Sg'x'G5 < htf 5kfof] Tot}af6 ;'/Iff, n]vf ;ldltdfly s;sf] e/f];f < ænf}vf ;ldltÆ gfd Gjf/g ubf{ s;f] xf]nf < clg aNn kf] gfdsf] ;'/Iff . km]l/ ;~rf/sdL{tkm{ sf]N6] gh/ nufpg'xf];\ t .

sf7df08f}df s8f ;'/Iff, hldd zfxsf] ;xh} xTof . c¿0f l;+3flgof klg t ljz]if ;'/Iff d} lzsf/ . ;~rf/ pBdLx¿sf] xTofsf] >[ªvn} >[ª\vnf . u[xdGqL kmnfSb} x'g'x'G5 ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgfsf] sf/0fn] kf] yf]/} hgtfsf] xTof . xTof b/ 36fOlbPsf] dGqLHo"sf] :jLsf/ . t;y{M olt /fd|f] ;'/Iffsf] lj/f]w lsg < olb tkfO{ klg eF8'jf aGg] xf] eg] dGqLsf] lj/f]w ug'{;\, ;'/Iff l:yltsf] lj/f]w ug'{;\, xf]Og eg] r'k nfu]/ a:gf];\ . c:t' .